CASP1 and infection: This delay in cytotoxicity in caspase-1/11−/− but not in caspase-11−/− macrophages indicated a direct link between caspase-1-dependent (but caspase-11-independent) inflammasome activity and lytic cell death during early stages of infection, whereas additional inflammasome-independent pathways drive lytic cell death during later stages of V. cholerae infection.