Corroborating these data, infection of monocytes with M. tuberculosis and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), but not with Mycobacterium avium, induced lack of CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, presence of maturation markers CD86 and CD83 and down-regulation of CD80 and MHC class II (Gagliardi et al., 2002; Mariotti et al., 2002), and this effect was correlated with α-glucan present in the cell wall (Gagliardi et al., 2007). Here, CD1A is linked to infection.