SPP1 is an adhesion molecule that plays important roles in regulating developmental processes, cell-cell interactions, inflammatory responses, and carcinogenesis (46), and moreover, it promoted the progress of human ovarian cancer through the Integrin β1/FAK/AKT signaling pathway (47) and its expression was regulated by estrogen in both the porcine uterus (48) and the chicken oviduct (49). This evidence concerns the gene PTK2 and ovarian carcinoma.