SPP1 is an adhesion molecule that plays important roles in regulating developmental processes, cell-cell interactions, inflammatory responses, and carcinogenesis (46), and moreover, it promoted the progress of human ovarian cancer through the Integrin β1/FAK/AKT signaling pathway (47) and its expression was regulated by estrogen in both the porcine uterus (48) and the chicken oviduct (49). Here, SPP1 is linked to ovarian carcinoma.