Preoperatively, 6 patients (23.1%) had DM, 15 (57.7%) had PreDM, and 5 (19.2%) had NGT in the remission group; 5 (62.5%) had PreDM and 3 (37.5%) had NGT in the GH/IGF-1 discordant group; and 12 (40.0%) had DM, 14 (46.7%) had PreDM, and 4 (13.3%) had NGT in the non-remission group (Figure 3B). Here, GH1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.