The first evidence of the intercellular transmission of TDP-43 aggregation and relevance to patient pathology came when Nonaka et al. (2013) induced the aggregation of overexpressed HA-tagged TDP-43 in a neuronal cell line through lipofection of the insoluble protein fraction of human sALS or TDP-43 positive FTD patient brain samples. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.