These observations were supported by the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuolar structures due to the fusion of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum dilation in human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) along with downregulation of the endogenous paraptosis inhibitor, Actin Interacting Protein-1 (Alix/AIP-1), upon WFA treatment [73]. The gene discussed is PDCD6IP; the disease is breast cancer.