TNF-α and IFN-у appear to enhance eosinophilic production of pro-inflammatory Th1-type chemokines such as CXCL9 and CXCL10 whereas TNF-α and IL-4 stimulate eosinophilic production of Th2-type chemokines, which sustain a more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.