This balanced “immune state” may lead to two possible outcomes (1) sterilizing clearance by innate responses whereby the exposed individual remain tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) negative or (2) T and B cell cooperates, macrophages are activated to clear infection or contain the pathogen within granulomas leading to latent TB infection (LTBI). Here, IFNG is linked to infection.