Our in vitro analyses (Fig 5) on tumor cells showed an up-regulation of Cd274, associated with activation of the immune system (Keir et al, 2008), and down-regulation in Ccl5. Interestingly, qPCR of MMTV-PyMT lungs 1-wk post-treatment showed reduction in Tgfβ1 and Alk-5, a subunit of Tgfβ1r, with an elevation in interleukin-12 (IL-12), a proinflammatory Th1 cytokine, suggesting that SDS3 abrogated immunosuppression (Fig 6G). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.