Relevant to this, kidneys from the Notch4d1/Tg26+ mice showed a significant decrease in expression of the inflammatory cytokines Il-6 and Ccl2, as well as the inflammatory transcription factor Nfkb1. These findings imply that Notch4 activation is one of the major determinants of increased inflammation in HIVAN. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is HIV-associated nephropathy.