IL1A and Stroke: At 3 days after stroke (PSD3), animals which received IL-1α immediately after recanalization (acute administration) showed significantly lower levels of apoptotic cell death on TUNEL staining (Fig. 1c, d) (vehicle: 14047 ± 1469 vs. IV IL-1α: 3093 ± 466.2 (p < 0.001) vs. IA IL-1α: 441 ± 152 (p < 0.0001) TUNEL positive pixels) as well as lower overall infarct volumes on cresyl violet staining (Fig. 1e) (vehicle: 21.93 ± 2.75 mm3 vs. IV IL-1α: 3.546 ± 0.72 mm3 (p < 0.0001) vs. IA IL-1α: 4.664 ± 0.72 mm3 (p < 0.001)).