ACVRL1 and pulmonary venoocclusive disease: These include other genes in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway [15], hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) genes activin A receptor type II-like 1 (ACVRL1) and endoglin (ENG) [7], eukaryotic initiation translation factor (EIF2AK4) associated with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD)/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) [16, 17], caveolin-1 (CAV1) [18], and channel genes including potassium two pore domain channel (KCNK3) [19], ATP-binding cassette subfamily member 8 (ABCC8) [20], and voltage-dependent potassium channel 1.5 (KCNA5) [21].