Moreover, the combination of NG2 glia ablation and LPS challenge significantly activated pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as cytokine and cytokine receptor interactions, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, the Tnf signaling pathway, the NFκB family, and the rheumatoid arthritis and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (Fig. 3g), indicating that NG2 glia play a vital role in the suppression of inflammatory response. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and rheumatoid arthritis.