CCL2 and renal fibrosis: Mechanistically, suramin attenuates renal fibrosis by inactivation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and suppression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) production [9]; suramin decreases inflammatory responses by suppressing the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation upon normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) [13].