Furthermore, we found that the MCL/MINCLE ligand TDB induces higher production of IL-8 by PBMCs from MS patients compared with controls, which is in accordance with previous data implicating the downstream mediators, CARD9 and SYK, in IL-8 production by human myeloid cells following TDB stimulation (31). This evidence concerns the gene CARD9 and myeloid sarcoma.