The importance of MDSCs in suppression of hemopoiesis in MDS has been demonstrated in 2 genetically manipulated animal models; the S100A9 transgenic mice, displaying BM accumulation of MDSC and progressive cytopenia and the mDia1/miR146-a double knockout mice, developing age-related inflammatory BM microenvironment and anemia.28,32 S100A8/A9 activation of MDSC is through the NF-κB signaling pathway; therefore, we may hypothesize that by targeting this pathway we could reduce MDSCs levels.33 The gene discussed is S100A9; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.