In summary, the rNiVM ferret experiments presented above together with our previous studies20,21 demonstrate that disruption of the NiV V, W, or C proteins as well as the P/V/W STAT1-binding domain lead to altered signs of clinical disease (Table 2) and altered pathological findings (Supplementary Table 1) when compared with rNiVM-wt infection in ferrets providing further evidence that the major pathogenic determinant is the V protein. The gene discussed is STAT1; the disease is infection.