We did not observe quantitative decreases in the phosphorylation status of proteins in the PI3K (AKT, mTOR, S6, 4EBP) and MEK (eIF4E) cascades in either murine (Supplementary Fig. 3a, b, d) or human (Supplementary Fig. 3c) PDA cells after 1 h or 5 h of CR-31 treatment. Here, AKT1 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.