ATP6AP1 and infection: Although we have assumed that all elephants with earlier EEHV1A or EEHV1B infection produce antibodies to ORF-Q, additional EEHV1-specific biomarkers, as well as markers to specifically identify EEHV4 and/or EEHV5 infections, would likely be useful in avoiding misdiagnosis of elephants as seronegative or naive to EEHV1 infection.