AhR plays a pleiotropic role in the regulation of several immune responses (Stockinger et al., 2014), most notably in the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, in which AhR influences both the differentiation and activation of Th17 cells, which are known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases (Stockinger and Omenetti, 2017) and the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Tr1 cells (Apetoh et al., 2010). Here, AHR is linked to autoimmune disease.