The higher rate of PPH demonstrated in the low compared with normal Hb groups is in line with previous evidence suggesting anaemia is associated with a higher risk of PPH.[24, 25] Women with high antenatal Hb also had a slightly higher PPH rate than those with normal Hb (although not significantly so), but were less likely to be transfused than those with low Hb, which may have been due to better iron reserves or the treating clinicians being more willing to tolerate blood loss before deciding to transfuse. Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia.