PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Petta et al. reported that the PNPLA3 GG genotype was significantly associated with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in young NAFLD patients [19], but Di Costanzo et al. found no association between the carotid intima-media thickness and the PNPLA3 SNP genotype and indicated that complications due to metabolic abnormalities influenced the carotid intima-media thickness, which is well known [50].