Moreover, we found that the mRNA levels of Smad4 closely correlate with the high risk of HCC patients (Fig. S1B) and similar observation was also achieved from that of SERPINE1/JUNB/CDKN2B, three well‐known TGF‐β signaling target genes (Fig. S1C). Here, CDKN2B is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.