HFrEF - heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF - heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HR - hazard ratio; HF - heart failure; STEMI - ST-elevation myocardial infarction; IN-CHF - Italian network on congestive heart failure; ACE - angiotensin-converting enzyme; CI - confidence interval; NT-pro BNP - N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; sNa - serum sodium; MBDS - minimum basic data set; OR - odds ratio; RCT - randomized controlled trial; BNP - brain natriuretic peptide; KCCQ - Kansas city cardiomyopathy questionnaire. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is heart failure.