RAC1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Curcumin inhibits cell invasion via AMPK activation in human colorectal cancer SW-480 and LoVo cells [31], whilst low-toxic level of curcumin efficiently inhibits cell migration and invasion through the inhibition of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1/p21 (Rac1) activated kinase 1 (Rac1/PAK1) pathway in human NSCLC 801D cells, and this effect is also confirmed in 801D xenograft mice [32].