MTOR and cancer: Furthermore, tanshinone IIA induces autophagy to inhibit cell growth in human osteosarcoma 143B and MG63 cells and tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice [526], while it induces autophagy to mediate anti-cancer activities through activating beclin-1 pathway and inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in human oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC-9, melanoma A375, and glioma U251 cells [527–529].