ADIPOQ and acute coronary syndrome: In contrast to the abundant evidence indicating inverse association of adiponectin levels in adverse cardiovascular outcomes, multiple lines of studies show conflicting findings proposing “adiponectin paradox” and indicate that high adiponectin concentrations are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in various populations, such as patients with ischemic heart disease13,14, acute coronary syndrome (ACS)15,16, chronic heart failure17–19, prevalent CVD20, chronic kidney disease21, a relative young multi-ethnic population cohort22, or older adults23.