Furthermore, even the detection of gene mutations such as DNMT3A, ASXL1, and TET2 may not be sufficient enough to accurately diagnose MDS, since these mutation can be found in approximately 10% of healthy individuals older than 65 years without evidence for a hematological malignancy summarized as “clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential” (CHIP) as well as in patients with aplastic anemia20,21. The gene discussed is DNMT3A; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.