A very interesting mechanistic study in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) suggests that a TGF-β-induced glycolytic pathway leads to the accumulation of lactic acid, which acidified the pH in the microenvironment, and thus activated ECM bound latent TGF-β, therewith representing a positive feedback loop to increase TGF-β action [224,227]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.