Participants with higher dietary pattern scores were more likely to be male, have central obesity (e.g., higher WC and visceral fat mass), have higher incidences of metabolic diseases (e.g., MetS or high TG but low HDL-C), and have higher levels of circulating iron (e.g., Hb, serum hepcidin, and ferritin) and the liver injury biomarker (ALT) (Table 5). Here, HAMP is linked to Abdominal obesity.