In the present study, we defined DIM as the presence of at least four of the following criteria: (1) serum hepcidin (>200 ng/mL in men and >140 ng/mL in women), (2) hyperferritinemia (>300 ng/mL in men and >200 ng/mL in women), (3) central obesity, (4) NAFLD, and (5) the presence of at least two abnormal metabolic profiles. Here, HAMP is linked to Abdominal obesity.