In 12 normal brain tissue samples, Sp4 expression was negative; among 36 malignant glioma specimens including 28 astrocytomas, 4 glioblastomas and 4 oligodendrogliomas, Sp4 was positive in 21 specimens (58.33%), indicating that Sp4 expression is significantly increased in glioma (Figure 5A and Supplementary Table S3). Here, SP4 is linked to glioma.