AKT1 and cancer: Redox-sensitive signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), and nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, are constantly upregulated in various cancer subtypes, where they play a pivotal role in cell proliferation, growth, protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, cell survival, and inflammation [21].