Finally, an approach to HCC risk profiling based on the combination of clinical (i.e., diabetes, obesity, severity of portal hypertension), biochemical (APRI), histological (severity of fibrosis) and genetic (i.e., PNPLA3 and MBOAT7) features could identify personalized risk profiles associated with the development of HCC in patients with NAFLD and further data will be needed to identify NAFLD patients without cirrhosis at higher risk of HCC for whom a surveillance program could result cost-effective. The gene discussed is PNPLA3; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.