More recently, we performed a prospective study on 471 patients with histologically diagnosed NAFLD demonstrating an independent association between PNPLA3 C > G variant and HCC, by multivariate analysis (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.03-4.29; p = 0.04) [30]. This evidence concerns the gene PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.