In a cross-sectional study that evaluated the role of PNPLA3 rs738409 [G] risk allele, genotype frequencies were compared between 100 European Caucasian patients with NAFLD-related HCC and 275 controls with biopsy proven NAFLD without HCC, showing that CG and GG genotype was associated with a 2- and 5-fold increased risk for HCC, respectively, in comparison with the CC genotype, by multivariate analysis [29]. The gene discussed is PNPLA3; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.