CSF2 and melanoma: Melanin pigmentation was evident in tumors from control mice, less apparent in mice administered GM-CSF/AWE, and almost absent in proTα/AWE- or proTα(100–109)/AWE-treated mouse tumors (Figure 3B), indicating selective elimination of melanoma cells; in support, vascular and muscle invasion by melanoma cells was also highly reduced in mice treated with proTα/AWE or proTα(100–109)/AWE (Figure 3C,D).