MC1R and melanoma: Pigmentation-related genes, such as MC1R (discussed above), oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2), Agouti signaling protein (ASIP), tyrosinase (TYR), Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), solute carrier family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2), and a locus encoding interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and exocyst complex component 2 (EXOC2), associate with increased risk of melanoma and also other cutaneous malignancies (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma) [62,63].