KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analyses [122] using GAGE software (v2.34.0) [123] of cellular transcriptome changes in hepatocellular carcinoma cells that replicate HCV for 6 days [74] revealed osteoclast differentiation, MAPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, and retinoate metabolism as the four most important upregulated pathways (see Figure 5). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.