Lastly, GLP-1 levels were measured in serum collected at sacrifice, and HF-fed rats displayed significantly reduced circulating GLP-1 levels compared to chow animals (chow 16.2 ± 0.9 versus HF 10.1 ± 0.8 pg/mL, p < 0.01); this was normalized by RS supplementation (Figure 4E). Here, GCG is linked to hydrops fetalis.