IRE1α (inositol requiring enzyme 1α), a downstream target gene of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) induced by fat toxicity, activates the proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, resulting in liver inflammation, which in turn promotes NASH [17,18]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.