Therefore, the interaction of the key regulators on AR acted indirectly through p53 and β-catenin(CTNNB1) (Fig. 3C), where the 12 key regulators interact with p53 which regulates GSK−3 and PTEN which are the upstream regulators of AR. In addition, key regulators, RPSA and HSPA5 interact with AR indirectly through β−catenin (CTNNB1) and AKT1 suggesting an important role of the reported key regulators in regulating the functions mediated through p53 and AR in PCa. Here, HSPA5 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.