PVALB and Cognitive impairment: Recently, another group reported that acute inhibition of the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), a region adjacent to the PVT, mostly affected interneurons in the mPFC and selective activation of parvalbumin interneurons in the mPFC by hM3Dq ameliorated not only excitatory and inhibitory imbalance in the mPFC but also cognitive deficits caused by inhibition of MD neurons18.