Tumorigenesis of 11 independent human cancer lines (A549, MM485, BxPC3, AsPC1, LS174T, HPAFII, HCT116, H460, H358, CHL1, DLD-1) in vivo, along with 3 subclones (CHL1 SNORD50A/B KO, DLD-1 KRASWT/-, DLD-1, KRASG13D/-), was studied with 1000 guide RNAs to assess the functional link between KRAS, HRAS, NRAS, and SNAREs in tumorigenesis (Fig. 7a). This evidence concerns the gene CHL1 and cancer.