TIA1 and viral infectious disease: Staining with antibodies specific for the RNA binding protein TIA-1, a bona fide marker of stress granules that are induced by viral infection [33, 34], revealed that the vast majority of the small/medium size aggregates were TIA-1 negative, whereas TRIM25 co-localized with TIA-1 in the large aggregates that were observed also in vector transfected cells (Fig 2B).