Specifically, CSF-1-deficient mice and male CSF-1R+/- mice were reported to be less susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis,[17, 18] and treatment with a CSF-1 neutralizing antibody or a CSF-1R blocking antibody was highly efficacious in this same model.[19]. The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is colitis.