Using the gene set with GSVA provided strong, contextual evidence of CSF-1R-mediated biology in CD, consistent with prior data indicating increased expression of CSF-1R and its ligands in CD.[16, 30] There was striking similarity between CD and TCT-colitis (see data columns 1, 2, and 4 of S5 Table) when the gene set was viewed at the individual gene level. The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is colitis.