TNFRSF9 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: As interstitial lung abnormalities may be a precursor to IPF in a subset of patients,and there have been previous reports of shared genetic etiology between IPF and ILAs(37, 40, 41), we investigatedwhether our three new signals and the 11 previously reported signals were associatedwith ILAs in the largest ILA GWAS reported to date (37).