TGFB1 and lung carcinoma: The IPF risk allele at this locus was associated withdecreased gene expression of DEPTOR in lung tissue (Table E2).TGFβ-induced DEPTOR suppression can stimulate collagen synthesis (42), and the importance of mTORC1 signalingvia 4E-BP1 for TGFβ-induced collagen synthesis has recently been demonstratedin fibrogenesis (43).MAD1L1, implicated by a new signal on chromosome 7 and eQTLanalyses of nonlung tissue, is a mitotic checkpoint gene, mutations in which havebeen associated with multiple cancers including lung cancer (44, 45).