NPPA and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia: Accordingly, it has been expected that CIN may be prevented by drugs exerting antioxidant effects such as NAC, ascorbic acid, sodium bicarbonate, and statins, as well as drugs that dilate blood vessels and increase renal blood flow such as human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), dopamine, fenoldopam, prostaglandin, and theophylline, and many clinical studies have been conducted to examine the effect of these drugs on the prevention of CIN.