Interesting recent studies identified that TGF-β can directly suppress both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative function of natural killer cells (Zaiatz-Bittencourt et al., 2018) and effector memory CD4+ T cells (Dimeloe et al., 2019), which may be relevant in a tumor microenvironment where TGF-β can be abundant. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.