A recent systematic meta-analysis revealed increased rates of hypothyroidism (odds ratio = 7.56, 95% confidence interval 4.53–12.61), pneumonitis (odds ratio = 5.37, 95% confidence interval 2.73–10.56), colitis (odds ratio = 2.88, 95% confidence interval 1.3–6.37), and hypophysitis (odds ratio = 3.38, 95% confidence interval 1.02–11.08) in cancer patients receiving anti-PD-1 treatments compared with standard treatments (29). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.