In a small clinical trial with patients suffering from plaque-type psoriasis, an autoimmune disease characterized by type 3 inflammation and cutaneous neutrophil infiltration, treatment with IL-4 resulted in marked disease improvement (113); this therapeutic effect was likely due to a shift in the cytokine milieu from a type 3 to a type 2 immune response as well as a direct inhibition of neutrophils by IL-4. Here, IL4 is linked to autoimmune disease.