In supporting the relationship between CAN and kidney disease, the former has been shown to affect the glomerular filtration pressure, glomerular endothelial cell damage and erythropoietin secretion (Sundkvist and Lilja, 1993; Deicher and Horl, 2003; Iseki and Kohagura, 2007). Here, EPO is linked to Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome.