D-4F increases arterial concentrations of hemeoxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase, decreases superoxide levels and endothelial cell fragmentation, and restores arterial vasoreactivity to normal in DM animal models (Ou et al., 2003, 2005; Kruger et al., 2005; Sherman et al., 2010). Here, HMOX1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.