Notably, E. coli O160:H7 isolate and other pathogenic and unpathogenic E.coli had a similar ability in inducing TLR4-mediated NF-κB activity (Figure S2L), implying that difference of O160:H7 with other gram-negative E.coli in promoting sensitivity to DSS-mediated colitis may not depend on LPS. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is colitis.